Topic summary
51% 14 analyzed articles/videos 13,838 analyzed words
BS Summary: These Espionage results contain 52 faulty reasoning types, including Biased Writer Voice , Confirmation Bias , and Framing Effect , with Negativity Bias as the most egregious example at 10% saturation with 6,241 hits . Analysis detected 45,514 faulty-reasoning hits from 62,426 analyzed words across 14 articles, generating a BS Score of 1.4% and a BS Rank of 15% (18,963 of 22,155 topics). This Espionage is better (less manipulative) than 85.60% of the peer group. Espionage
Topic details
Total words: 62,426
Article count: 14
Authors
Ranking context Position among analyzed topics
14% percentile 0 25 50 75 100 14.4% percentile 1.4% BS Score14 analyzed articles62.4K analyzed words
Reasoning profile Selected profile versus the sitewide rate
Highest rates Largest gaps
Shared scale 0–50%
0.0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Framing Effect Sitewide 26.9% Topic 5.3% 5.3% Appeal to Emotion Sitewide 15.9% Topic 4.0% 4.0% Negativity Bias Sitewide 19.2% Topic 10.0% 10.0% Appeal to Authority Sitewide 11.1% Topic 4.1% 4.1% In-Group Bias Sitewide 6.9% Topic 0.3% 0.3% Halo Effect Sitewide 6.7% Topic 0.5% 0.5% Availability Heuristic Sitewide 9.1% Topic 3.0% 3.0% Optimism Bias Sitewide 6.0% Topic 0.4% 0.4% Overconfidence Bias Sitewide 4.6% Topic 0.7% 0.7% Anecdotal Sitewide 5.2% Topic 1.7% 1.7% Sitewide departure map Above the diagonal means this profile uses the pattern more often
0.0% 0.0% 10% 10% 20% 20% 30% 30% 40% 40% 50% 50% Framing Effect: Topic 5.3%, sitewide 26.9% Negativity Bias: Topic 10.0%, sitewide 19.2% Appeal to Emotion: Topic 4.0%, sitewide 15.9% Appeal to Authority: Topic 4.1%, sitewide 11.1% Availability Heuristic: Topic 3.0%, sitewide 9.1% Hasty Generalization: Topic 4.8%, sitewide 8.1% Confirmation Bias: Topic 6.6%, sitewide 7.5% Biased Writer Voice: Topic 7.1%, sitewide 5.3% In-Group Bias: Topic 0.3%, sitewide 6.9% Halo Effect: Topic 0.5%, sitewide 6.7% Optimism Bias: Topic 0.4%, sitewide 6.0% Anecdotal: Topic 1.7%, sitewide 5.2% Overconfidence Bias: Topic 0.7%, sitewide 4.6% Anchoring Bias: Topic 1.4%, sitewide 4.0% Self-Serving Bias: Topic 1.1%, sitewide 3.7% Post Hoc (False Cause): Topic 1.7%, sitewide 3.3% Out-Group Homogeneity Bias: Topic 0.9%, sitewide 3.1% Fundamental Attribution Error: Topic 0.6%, sitewide 2.7% Recency Bias: Topic 0.8%, sitewide 2.7% Loss Aversion: Topic 0.2%, sitewide 2.5% Bandwagon: Topic 0.4%, sitewide 2.2% Status Quo Bias: Topic 0.3%, sitewide 2.2% Ad Hominem: Topic 1.0%, sitewide 2.2% Politically Left Leaning Bias: Topic 0.4%, sitewide 2.0% Framing Effect Sitewide rate Topic rate Analyzed articles and videos Sort by Most recent Article rank - best Article rank - worst