Topic summary
45% 14 analyzed articles/videos 7,051 analyzed words
BS Summary: These Michigan results contain 47 faulty reasoning types, including Framing Effect , Confirmation Bias , and Negativity Bias , with Appeal to Emotion as the most egregious example at 5.9% saturation with 1,780 hits . Analysis detected 17,723 faulty-reasoning hits from 30,348 analyzed words across 14 articles, generating a BS Score of 1.2% and a BS Rank of 10% (20,294 of 22,410 topics). This Michigan is better (less manipulative) than 90.60% of the peer group. Michigan
Topic details
Total words: 30,348
Article count: 14
Authors
Ranking context Position among analyzed topics
9% percentile 0 25 50 75 100 9.4% percentile 1.2% BS Score14 analyzed articles30.3K analyzed words
Reasoning profile Selected profile versus the sitewide rate
Highest rates Largest gaps
Shared scale 0–50%
0.0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Framing Effect Sitewide 26.9% Topic 4.4% 4.4% Negativity Bias Sitewide 19.2% Topic 3.7% 3.7% Appeal to Emotion Sitewide 15.9% Topic 5.9% 5.9% Appeal to Authority Sitewide 11.1% Topic 1.6% 1.6% Availability Heuristic Sitewide 9.1% Topic 1.6% 1.6% Hasty Generalization Sitewide 8.1% Topic 1.9% 1.9% In-Group Bias Sitewide 6.9% Topic 1.6% 1.6% Confirmation Bias Sitewide 7.5% Topic 3.9% 3.9% Anecdotal Sitewide 5.2% Topic 1.6% 1.6% Indoctrination Sitewide 0.0% Topic 3.4% 3.4% Sitewide departure map Above the diagonal means this profile uses the pattern more often
0.0% 0.0% 10% 10% 20% 20% 30% 30% 40% 40% 50% 50% Framing Effect: Topic 4.4%, sitewide 26.9% Negativity Bias: Topic 3.7%, sitewide 19.2% Appeal to Emotion: Topic 5.9%, sitewide 15.9% Appeal to Authority: Topic 1.6%, sitewide 11.1% Availability Heuristic: Topic 1.6%, sitewide 9.1% Hasty Generalization: Topic 1.9%, sitewide 8.1% Confirmation Bias: Topic 3.9%, sitewide 7.5% In-Group Bias: Topic 1.6%, sitewide 6.9% Halo Effect: Topic 3.5%, sitewide 6.7% Optimism Bias: Topic 3.0%, sitewide 6.0% Biased Writer Voice: Topic 2.7%, sitewide 5.3% Anecdotal: Topic 1.6%, sitewide 5.2% Overconfidence Bias: Topic 1.6%, sitewide 4.6% Anchoring Bias: Topic 1.3%, sitewide 4.0% Self-Serving Bias: Topic 2.3%, sitewide 3.7% Indoctrination: Topic 3.4%, sitewide 0.0% Post Hoc (False Cause): Topic 2.1%, sitewide 3.3% Out-Group Homogeneity Bias: Topic 0.2%, sitewide 3.1% Fundamental Attribution Error: Topic 0.1%, sitewide 2.7% Recency Bias: Topic 0.7%, sitewide 2.7% Loss Aversion: Topic 0.3%, sitewide 2.5% Bandwagon: Topic 0.8%, sitewide 2.2% Status Quo Bias: Topic 0.4%, sitewide 2.2% Ad Hominem: Topic 1.2%, sitewide 2.2% Framing Effect Sitewide rate Topic rate Analyzed articles and videos Sort by Most recent Article rank - best Article rank - worst