Topic summary
63% 21 analyzed articles/videos 12,083 analyzed words
BS Summary: These City Government results contain 51 faulty reasoning types, including Negativity Bias , Appeal to Emotion , and Hasty Generalization , with Framing Effect as the most egregious example at 6.3% saturation with 3,806 hits . Analysis detected 39,127 faulty-reasoning hits from 60,362 analyzed words across 21 articles, generating a BS Score of 1.3% and a BS Rank of 12% (21,292 of 23,944 topics). This City Government is better (less manipulative) than 88.90% of the peer group. City Government
Topic details
Total words: 60,362
Article count: 21
Authors
Ranking context Position among analyzed topics
11% percentile 0 25 50 75 100 11.1% percentile 1.3% BS Score21 analyzed articles60.4K analyzed words
Reasoning profile Selected profile versus the sitewide rate
Highest rates Largest gaps
Shared scale 0–50%
0.0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Framing Effect Sitewide 26.9% Topic 6.3% 6.3% Negativity Bias Sitewide 19.2% Topic 6.2% 6.2% Appeal to Emotion Sitewide 15.9% Topic 5.2% 5.2% Appeal to Authority Sitewide 11.1% Topic 2.5% 2.5% Availability Heuristic Sitewide 9.1% Topic 2.8% 2.8% In-Group Bias Sitewide 6.9% Topic 0.9% 0.9% Halo Effect Sitewide 6.7% Topic 1.8% 1.8% Confirmation Bias Sitewide 7.5% Topic 2.6% 2.6% Hasty Generalization Sitewide 8.1% Topic 3.6% 3.6% Overconfidence Bias Sitewide 4.6% Topic 1.0% 1.0% Sitewide departure map Above the diagonal means this profile uses the pattern more often
0.0% 0.0% 10% 10% 20% 20% 30% 30% 40% 40% 50% 50% Framing Effect: Topic 6.3%, sitewide 26.9% Negativity Bias: Topic 6.2%, sitewide 19.2% Appeal to Emotion: Topic 5.2%, sitewide 15.9% Appeal to Authority: Topic 2.5%, sitewide 11.1% Availability Heuristic: Topic 2.8%, sitewide 9.1% Hasty Generalization: Topic 3.6%, sitewide 8.1% Confirmation Bias: Topic 2.6%, sitewide 7.5% In-Group Bias: Topic 0.9%, sitewide 6.9% Halo Effect: Topic 1.8%, sitewide 6.7% Optimism Bias: Topic 2.4%, sitewide 6.0% Biased Writer Voice: Topic 2.8%, sitewide 5.3% Anecdotal: Topic 2.4%, sitewide 5.2% Overconfidence Bias: Topic 1.0%, sitewide 4.6% Anchoring Bias: Topic 0.7%, sitewide 4.0% Self-Serving Bias: Topic 1.9%, sitewide 3.7% Post Hoc (False Cause): Topic 1.5%, sitewide 3.3% Out-Group Homogeneity Bias: Topic 0.3%, sitewide 3.1% Fundamental Attribution Error: Topic 0.6%, sitewide 2.7% Recency Bias: Topic 1.1%, sitewide 2.7% Loss Aversion: Topic 1.2%, sitewide 2.5% Bandwagon: Topic 1.2%, sitewide 2.2% Status Quo Bias: Topic 1.1%, sitewide 2.2% Ad Hominem: Topic 1.1%, sitewide 2.2% Politically Left Leaning Bias: Topic 0.6%, sitewide 2.0% Framing Effect Sitewide rate Topic rate Analyzed articles and videos Sort by Most recent Article rank - best Article rank - worst