Topic summary
18% 11 analyzed articles/videos 11,125 analyzed words
BS Summary: These City Governance results contain 49 faulty reasoning types, including Negativity Bias , Appeal to Emotion , and Appeal to Authority , with Framing Effect as the most egregious example at 3.9% saturation with 1,796 hits . Analysis detected 17,201 faulty-reasoning hits from 45,478 analyzed words across 11 articles, generating a BS Score of 0.8% and a BS Rank of 2% (23,452 of 23,769 topics). This City Governance is better (less manipulative) than 98.70% of the peer group. City Governance
Topic details
Total words: 45,478
Article count: 11
Authors
Ranking context Position among analyzed topics
1% percentile 0 25 50 75 100 1.3% percentile 0.8% BS Score11 analyzed articles45.5K analyzed words
Reasoning profile Selected profile versus the sitewide rate
Highest rates Largest gaps
Shared scale 0–50%
0.0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Framing Effect Sitewide 26.9% Topic 4.0% 4.0% Negativity Bias Sitewide 19.2% Topic 3.2% 3.2% Appeal to Emotion Sitewide 15.9% Topic 2.6% 2.6% Appeal to Authority Sitewide 11.1% Topic 2.1% 2.1% Availability Heuristic Sitewide 9.1% Topic 1.2% 1.2% In-Group Bias Sitewide 6.9% Topic 0.3% 0.3% Confirmation Bias Sitewide 7.5% Topic 1.3% 1.3% Halo Effect Sitewide 6.7% Topic 0.5% 0.5% Hasty Generalization Sitewide 8.1% Topic 1.9% 1.9% Optimism Bias Sitewide 6.0% Topic 1.6% 1.6% Sitewide departure map Above the diagonal means this profile uses the pattern more often
0.0% 0.0% 10% 10% 20% 20% 30% 30% 40% 40% 50% 50% Framing Effect: Topic 4.0%, sitewide 26.9% Negativity Bias: Topic 3.2%, sitewide 19.2% Appeal to Emotion: Topic 2.6%, sitewide 15.9% Appeal to Authority: Topic 2.1%, sitewide 11.1% Availability Heuristic: Topic 1.2%, sitewide 9.1% Hasty Generalization: Topic 1.9%, sitewide 8.1% Confirmation Bias: Topic 1.3%, sitewide 7.5% In-Group Bias: Topic 0.3%, sitewide 6.9% Halo Effect: Topic 0.5%, sitewide 6.7% Optimism Bias: Topic 1.6%, sitewide 6.0% Biased Writer Voice: Topic 1.1%, sitewide 5.3% Anecdotal: Topic 1.3%, sitewide 5.2% Overconfidence Bias: Topic 0.7%, sitewide 4.6% Anchoring Bias: Topic 0.5%, sitewide 4.0% Self-Serving Bias: Topic 1.1%, sitewide 3.7% Post Hoc (False Cause): Topic 1.2%, sitewide 3.3% Out-Group Homogeneity Bias: Topic 0.1%, sitewide 3.1% Fundamental Attribution Error: Topic 0.4%, sitewide 2.7% Recency Bias: Topic 0.7%, sitewide 2.7% Loss Aversion: Topic 0.4%, sitewide 2.5% Bandwagon: Topic 0.3%, sitewide 2.2% Status Quo Bias: Topic 1.1%, sitewide 2.2% Ad Hominem: Topic 0.3%, sitewide 2.2% Politically Left Leaning Bias: Topic 0.0%, sitewide 2.0% Framing Effect Sitewide rate Topic rate Analyzed articles and videos Sort by Most recent Article rank - best Article rank - worst