Author summary
62% 1 analyzed article/video 1,134 analyzed words
BS Summary: These Alexandra Topping results contain 30 faulty reasoning types, including Negativity Bias , False Dilemma , and Slippery Slope , with Appeal to Emotion as the most egregious example at 11.9% saturation with 539 hits . Analysis detected 3,032 faulty-reasoning hits from 4,536 analyzed words across 1 article, generating a BS Score of 2.2% and a BS Rank of 50% (4,452 of 8,795 authors). This Alexandra Topping is better (less manipulative) than 50.60% of the peer group. Alexandra Topping
Author details
Total words: 4,536
Article count: 1
Publications
Ranking context Position among analyzed authors
49% percentile 0 25 50 75 100 49.4% percentile 2.2% BS Score1 analyzed articles4.5K analyzed words
Reasoning profile Selected profile versus the sitewide rate
Highest rates Largest gaps
Shared scale 0–50%
0.0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Framing Effect Sitewide 26.9% Author 2.7% 2.7% Negativity Bias Sitewide 19.2% Author 10.5% 10.5% Appeal to Authority Sitewide 11.1% Author 2.5% 2.5% Availability Heuristic Sitewide 9.1% Author 2.8% 2.8% Hasty Generalization Sitewide 8.1% Author 2.0% 2.0% Biased Writer Voice Sitewide 5.3% Author 0.3% 0.3% False Dilemma Sitewide 1.5% Author 6.0% 6.0% Optimism Bias Sitewide 6.0% Author 1.7% 1.7% Confirmation Bias Sitewide 7.5% Author 3.4% 3.4% Appeal to Emotion Sitewide 15.9% Author 11.9% 11.9% Sitewide departure map Above the diagonal means this profile uses the pattern more often
0.0% 0.0% 10% 10% 20% 20% 30% 30% 40% 40% 50% 50% Framing Effect: Author 2.7%, sitewide 26.9% Negativity Bias: Author 10.5%, sitewide 19.2% Appeal to Emotion: Author 11.9%, sitewide 15.9% Appeal to Authority: Author 2.5%, sitewide 11.1% Availability Heuristic: Author 2.8%, sitewide 9.1% Hasty Generalization: Author 2.0%, sitewide 8.1% Confirmation Bias: Author 3.4%, sitewide 7.5% Optimism Bias: Author 1.7%, sitewide 6.0% False Dilemma: Author 6.0%, sitewide 1.5% Biased Writer Voice: Author 0.3%, sitewide 5.3% Overconfidence Bias: Author 1.3%, sitewide 4.6% Slippery Slope: Author 4.0%, sitewide 1.7% Self-Serving Bias: Author 1.1%, sitewide 3.7% Post Hoc (False Cause): Author 0.7%, sitewide 3.3% Pessimism Bias: Author 2.8%, sitewide 1.9% Recency Bias: Author 1.1%, sitewide 2.7% Loss Aversion: Author 0.6%, sitewide 2.5% Bandwagon: Author 0.3%, sitewide 2.2% Ad Hominem: Author 0.6%, sitewide 2.2% Representativeness Heuristic: Author 0.8%, sitewide 1.9% Begging the Question: Author 1.3%, sitewide 1.7% Hindsight Bias: Author 1.4%, sitewide 1.4% Politically Right Leaning Bias: Author 0.7%, sitewide 1.4% Burden of Proof: Author 1.4%, sitewide 0.4% Framing Effect Sitewide rate Author rate Analyzed articles and videos Sort by Most recent Article rank - best Article rank - worst