Author summary
91% 5 analyzed articles/videos 736 analyzed words
BS Summary: These Pam Key results contain 41 faulty reasoning types, including Hasty Generalization , Negativity Bias , and Framing Effect , with Appeal to Emotion as the most egregious example at 14.4% saturation with 577 hits . Analysis detected 4,735 faulty-reasoning hits from 4,008 analyzed words across 5 articles, generating a BS Score of 2.9% and a BS Rank of 67% (3,009 of 8,974 authors). This Pam Key is worse (more manipulative) than 66.50% of the peer group. Pam Key
Author details
Total words: 4,008
Article count: 5
Publications
Ranking context Position among analyzed authors
67% percentile 0 25 50 75 100 66.5% percentile 2.9% BS Score5 analyzed articles4K analyzed words
Reasoning profile Selected profile versus the sitewide rate
Highest rates Largest gaps
Shared scale 0–50%
0.0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Framing Effect Sitewide 26.9% Author 6.6% 6.6% Appeal to Authority Sitewide 11.1% Author 1.9% 1.9% Negativity Bias Sitewide 19.2% Author 10.7% 10.7% Availability Heuristic Sitewide 9.1% Author 3.0% 3.0% Confirmation Bias Sitewide 7.5% Author 2.4% 2.4% Optimism Bias Sitewide 6.0% Author 1.1% 1.1% Halo Effect Sitewide 6.7% Author 2.6% 2.6% Politically Right Leaning… Sitewide 1.4% Author 5.3% 5.3% Quote-first Misdirection Sitewide 0.0% Author 3.5% 3.5% Biased Writer Voice Sitewide 5.3% Author 2.0% 2.0% Sitewide departure map Above the diagonal means this profile uses the pattern more often
0.0% 0.0% 10% 10% 20% 20% 30% 30% 40% 40% 50% 50% Framing Effect: Author 6.6%, sitewide 26.9% Negativity Bias: Author 10.7%, sitewide 19.2% Appeal to Emotion: Author 14.4%, sitewide 15.9% Appeal to Authority: Author 1.9%, sitewide 11.1% Hasty Generalization: Author 11.0%, sitewide 8.1% Availability Heuristic: Author 3.0%, sitewide 9.1% Confirmation Bias: Author 2.4%, sitewide 7.5% In-Group Bias: Author 5.6%, sitewide 6.9% Halo Effect: Author 2.6%, sitewide 6.7% Optimism Bias: Author 1.1%, sitewide 6.0% Anecdotal: Author 5.4%, sitewide 5.2% Biased Writer Voice: Author 2.0%, sitewide 5.3% Politically Right Leaning Bias: Author 5.3%, sitewide 1.4% Overconfidence Bias: Author 3.0%, sitewide 4.6% Self-Serving Bias: Author 2.0%, sitewide 3.7% Quote-first Misdirection: Author 3.5%, sitewide 0.0% Post Hoc (False Cause): Author 1.8%, sitewide 3.3% Ad Hominem: Author 3.2%, sitewide 2.2% Out-Group Homogeneity Bias: Author 2.8%, sitewide 3.1% Indoctrination: Author 3.1%, sitewide 0.0% Fundamental Attribution Error: Author 1.3%, sitewide 2.7% Recency Bias: Author 1.5%, sitewide 2.7% Pessimism Bias: Author 2.5%, sitewide 1.9% Begging the Question: Author 2.4%, sitewide 1.7% Framing Effect Sitewide rate Author rate Analyzed articles and videos Sort by Most recent Article rank - best Article rank - worst