BS Summary: This article contains 25 faulty reasoning types, including Anecdotal, Appeal to Emotion, and Post Hoc (False Cause), with Indoctrination as the most egregious example at 9.4% saturation with 120 hits. Analysis detected 906 faulty-reasoning hits from 1,279 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 26.1% and a BS Rank of 18% (25,094 of 30,584 articles). This article is better (less manipulative) than 82.00% of the article peer group.

An F/A-18F Super Hornet preparing to launch from the flight deck of USS Abraham Lincoln on June 25, 2026. 
(Photo: U.S. 
Navy) 
ACTING SECRETARY OF THE NAVY HUNG CAO traveled to San Diego to meet with families of sailors who are part of the USS Abraham Lincoln Carrier Strike Group. 
On Thursday night, he walked into a room filled with people who were angry, exhausted, frightened, and looking for answers about when their loved ones were coming home. 
I know something about walking into that room. 
In April 2004, the 1st Armored Division was preparing to return to Germany after a year in Iraq. 
Families had been counting the days; ribbons and ‘Welcome Home’ banners decorated our bases in Europe. 
The lucky soldiers who would be the first to leave were packing their gear and helicopters were receiving shrink-wrap. 
Then, by the time some of our troops had already been home a few days, came word that we would be extended in Iraq for an indeterminate number of months to counter the uprising of Muqtada al-Sadr’s militia. 
His group’s uprising was spreading across Baghdad and central Iraq, the security we had fought for over the last year was rapidly deteriorating, and the Pentagon believed we should stay to provide additional combat power. 
Our twelve-month deployment would become fifteen months. 
Worse, because some units had already begun returning home, we had to recall back to Iraq roughly a third of our 20,000-person force that had already been reunited with their families in Germany. 
In announcing the extension to our team, our division commander, Maj. 
Gen. 
Marty Dempsey, gathered his commanders. 
He told us something I have never forgotten. 
We could be disappointed, he said. 
We could even be angry. 
But we were leaders, and we had been given a new mission by the secretary of defense. 
Our responsibility was to explain that mission to our soldiers, prepare them for it, and lead them through it. 
Then Marty gave me another mission that night: “We need to send a senior leader back to Germany to talk to the families. 
I want you to do it.” 
He kidded that it would likely be tougher than combat. 
To a degree, he was right. 
Over three days, I traveled to the seven communities where our soldiers and families lived. 
At every stop, I walked into an auditorium filled with spouses and children who had expected their soldiers to be home within days or weeks. 
Instead, they had just been told that husbands, wives, fathers, and mothers would remain in combat for another few months. 
When I arrived at the Ramstein airport, my wife was there to meet me. 
We hadn’t seen each other since the deployment began. 
After a hug, she gave me the best advice I ever received when talking to families. 
Don’t tell them the mission demands their soldiers stay. 
They already know their soldiers have a mission. 
Don’t tell them to be strong. 
They’ve already been strong for a year. 
Don’t brief them on what the division is doing. 
They really don’t care about that. 
Instead, listen to them and answer their questions until they don’t have any more questions to ask, and answer them honestly with what you know and don’t know. 
So that’s what I did in all seven of those meetings. 
And the statements and questions began to flow. 
One mother told me that she and her children had filled a jar with M&Ms—one for every day remaining in the deployment. 
Each night, the children removed one. 
The jar was almost empty. 
Now, she asked, what was she supposed to tell them? 
What was she supposed to do? 
A young teenage girl told me she had been waiting for her father to come home because she wanted him to take her to the father-daughter dance at her high school. 
He wasn’t going to make it, so who would take her? 
A 19-year-old Army wife stood up and, with a mixture of anger and confusion, simply said she had married her soldier right before they came to Germany, and he left for Iraq right after they arrived. 
She’d been making her way so far with the help of the other wives, but now she didn’t understand what was happening. 
She wasn’t interested in hearing about operational requirements in Baghdad or the strategic implications of the Sadr uprising. 
She wanted someone to explain why the Army had changed the bargain she thought it had made with her family, and she wanted her new husband home. 
There were dozens of questions like those. 
Some were angry. 
Some were heartbreaking. 
A few couldn’t really be answered. 
But something happened in those auditoriums. 
The anger didn’t disappear—nor should it have. 
Instead, it gradually changed into understanding and, finally, a reluctant acceptance of what their soldiers had been asked to do, and in turn what they had been asked to do. 
Not because I gave them a brilliant briefing. 
I didn’t. 
It happened because someone had come to listen to them, stood in front of them, and treated their fears as legitimate. 
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I THOUGHT ABOUT THOSE FAMILIES when I heard about the acting secretary of the Navy visiting the families of the Abraham Lincoln . 
Their situation is, in many ways, much tougher than what faced us. 
The Lincoln left San Diego late last year for what was expected to be a normal deployment and was subsequently diverted to the Middle East and combat operations against Iran. 
Its crew eventually endured 208 consecutive days at sea without a port visit—a modern carrier record—and families now describe sailors dealing with broken toilets and laundry facilities, moldy showers, food shortages, limited supplies, and the grinding physical and psychological effects of months aboard a warship conducting never-ending combat operations. 
An aircraft carrier may be one of the most impressive machines ever built, but it is still operated by human beings. 
Flight decks are extraordinarily dangerous workplaces even under normal conditions. 
Sailors work long shifts around jet engines, fuel, weapons, heavy machinery, electrical systems, nuclear propulsion, and aircraft launching and recovering day and night. 
Fatigue accumulates. 
Attention wanders. 
Judgment deteriorates. 
Small mistakes in that environment can become catastrophic ones. 
This is the human side of war. 
That is what some Lincoln families now fear. 
They aren’t merely complaining that their sailors are tired. 
They are worried that prolonged stress, exhaustion, and enemy activity could eventually get their loved ones killed. 
Cao, himself a retired Navy captain and combat veteran, deserves credit for going to face those families. 
But showing up is only the first requirement of leadership. 
The more important requirement is understanding what those families need when you get there. 
They don’t need to be told their sailors are heroes. 
They already know that. 
They don’t need to be told the mission is important. 
They understand that better than most Americans. 
And they certainly don’t need to be told to be strong. 
They need leaders to listen. 
They need honest answers about what the deployment is all about, why the deployment continues, what is being done to reduce the strain on the crew, and—if no one can tell them when their sailors are coming home—an honest explanation of why no one can tell them. 
Military families accept extraordinary burdens. 
But accepting those burdens doesn’t mean surrendering the right to ask hard questions of the people who impose them. 
Twenty-two years ago, I learned that lesson in seven auditoriums across Germany. 
Sometimes the most important thing a senior military leader can do isn’t explain the mission. 
It’s stand in front of the people paying the price for it—and listen. 
Article reasoning-pattern comparisonThis article: 3.0%Mark Hertling: 3.7%The Bulwark: 4.8%Confirmation Bias3.0%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.3%Anchoring Bias0.0%This article: 5.0%Mark Hertling: 1.4%The Bulwark: 2.3%Availability Heuristic5.0%This article: 1.5%Mark Hertling: 0.8%The Bulwark: 0.7%Representativeness Heuristic1.5%This article: 0.5%Mark Hertling: 1.3%The Bulwark: 0.5%Hindsight Bias0.5%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 1.6%The Bulwark: 1.4%Overconfidence Bias0.0%This article: 1.3%Mark Hertling: 4.1%The Bulwark: 5.8%Framing Effect1.3%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 0.5%The Bulwark: 0.5%Loss Aversion0.0%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 0.2%The Bulwark: 0.3%Status Quo Bias0.0%This article: 2.6%Mark Hertling: 0.2%The Bulwark: 0.1%Sunk Cost Effect2.6%This article: 0.8%Mark Hertling: 0.2%The Bulwark: 1.0%Optimism Bias0.8%This article: 2.1%Mark Hertling: 1.9%The Bulwark: 1.8%Pessimism Bias2.1%This article: 4.1%Mark Hertling: 6.5%The Bulwark: 9.5%Negativity Bias4.1%This article: 0.5%Mark Hertling: 0.3%The Bulwark: 0.5%Self-Serving Bias0.5%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 0.7%The Bulwark: 1.0%Fundamental Attribution Error0.0%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 0.2%The Bulwark: 0.1%Actor-Observer Bias0.0%This article: 2.1%Mark Hertling: 0.9%The Bulwark: 2.0%In-Group Bias2.1%This article: 1.4%Mark Hertling: 0.3%The Bulwark: 0.9%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias1.4%This article: 2.0%Mark Hertling: 1.2%The Bulwark: 0.9%Halo Effect2.0%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 0.1%The Bulwark: 0.4%Horn Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.0%Dunning-Kruger Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 0.8%The Bulwark: 1.1%Recency Bias0.0%This article: 0.6%Mark Hertling: 0.5%The Bulwark: 0.4%Primacy Effect0.6%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.1%Blind-Spot Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 0.8%The Bulwark: 3.0%Ad Hominem0.0%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 0.2%The Bulwark: 0.6%Straw Man0.0%This article: 3.6%Mark Hertling: 2.6%The Bulwark: 2.4%Appeal to Authority3.6%This article: 1.5%Mark Hertling: 1.1%The Bulwark: 1.6%False Dilemma1.5%This article: 0.7%Mark Hertling: 0.2%The Bulwark: 0.9%Slippery Slope0.7%This article: 1.6%Mark Hertling: 0.3%The Bulwark: 0.1%Circular Reasoning1.6%This article: 1.6%Mark Hertling: 4.0%The Bulwark: 6.3%Hasty Generalization1.6%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.4%Red Herring0.0%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.4%Bandwagon0.0%This article: 8.7%Mark Hertling: 4.4%The Bulwark: 4.7%Appeal to Emotion8.7%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 1.5%The Bulwark: 1.1%Begging the Question0.0%This article: 5.3%Mark Hertling: 1.2%The Bulwark: 1.7%Post Hoc (False Cause)5.3%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.1%Tu Quoque0.0%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 0.3%The Bulwark: 0.6%Burden of Proof0.0%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 0.1%The Bulwark: 0.1%Appeal to Nature0.0%This article: 1.5%Mark Hertling: 0.4%The Bulwark: 0.2%Composition/Division1.5%This article: 9.1%Mark Hertling: 3.4%The Bulwark: 1.9%Anecdotal9.1%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.2%No True Scotsman0.0%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 1.1%The Bulwark: 1.0%Ambiguity (Equivocation)0.0%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.0%Gambler’s Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 0.1%The Bulwark: 0.1%Middle Ground0.0%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.1%Personal Incredulity0.0%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 0.1%The Bulwark: 0.2%Special Pleading0.0%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 0.0%The Bulwark: 0.3%Genetic Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 1.3%The Bulwark: 1.5%Unattributed Quote0.0%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 0.7%The Bulwark: 1.0%Quote-first Misdirection0.0%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 5.6%The Bulwark: 12.6%Biased Writer Voice0.0%This article: 9.4%Mark Hertling: 2.2%The Bulwark: 2.1%Indoctrination9.4%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 0.7%The Bulwark: 4.4%Politically Left Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Mark Hertling: 0.1%The Bulwark: 0.5%Politically Right Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.3%Mark Hertling: 2.4%The Bulwark: 3.5%Attempt to Sell a Product or S…0.3%

1279 words analyzed.

Speakers

2speakers9.3%attributed speech1,160writer words
Selected voice

Marty Dempsey

30%flagged-word coverage
91 attributed words76% of attributed speech60% writer coverage
0%7.5%15.0%Indoctrination-10.3 ptsWriter: 10.3%Marty Dempsey: 0.0%0.0%Attempt to Sell a Product -0.3 ptsWriter: 0.3%Marty Dempsey: 0.0%0.0%

Attribution is sentence-level. Pattern percentages are calculated only from words assigned to that voice.

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Analysis

Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.