BS Summary: This article contains 23 faulty reasoning types, including Appeal to Authority, False Dilemma, and Hindsight Bias, with Negativity Bias as the most egregious example at 9.4% saturation with 88 hits. Analysis detected 390 faulty-reasoning hits from 933 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 17.1% and a BS Rank of 7% (26,215 of 28,092 articles). This article is better (less manipulative) than 93.30% of the article peer group.

Occhiolism  An awareness of 
how small and limited our perspective is. 
### 
Much like gawking at car crashes, I 
often scan the obituaries from several of the communities I once 
called home. 
It’s not that I expect or fear I may find my name or 
the names of family members and close friends. 
I might know about 
those without referring to the media. 
My interest, I hope, is not morbid, 
but in a culture that denies death and is obsessed with youth, any 
discussion of mortality, I have found, can be viewed as, well, 
deadly. 
It’s hard to chalk up my searches 
to curiosity, since there’s no mystery. 
Eventually all will appear 
in the chronicles of time passing. 
Often, however, an obit provides 
an opportunity to remember fondly those who were once friends, 
neighbors or worthy acquaintances, enough so to sanction a sincere 
offer of condolences to survivors. 
While lives that end by violence 
or addiction, or the tragedy of a child’s death are understandingly 
unsettling, there is another class of obituaries that especially 
troubles me: The obituaries of those people whom I knew and whom I 
was not fully reconciled with at the time of their passing. 
I regret 
that there’s now nothing to be done to repair a failed 
relationship. 
But is there something that can be done for one’s own 
soul? 
Can we forgive ourselves for only 
knowing belatedly that other choices might have been made? 
The Swiss psychiatrist and father of 
analytical psychology, Dr. 
Carl Jung, said the intensity of our 
negative reaction to another person often corresponds to the degree 
that we have not dealt in our own lives with the darkness we see, and 
detest, in them. 
The young man that I was would have said “nonsense.” 
Jung wasn’t the first to theorize 
about our projection of our failings on others. 
A 13th century 
poet/mystic named Rumi wrote: 
Many of faults you see in others, dear reader, 
Are your own nature reflected in them. 
As the Prophet said, 
The faithful are mirrors to one another. 
When I think of those who have just 
passed and the fact that I never got over my dark feelings about 
them, I ask myself, why is that? 
And what is the cost of not letting 
go of an eternal grudge? 
For a decade, “Bill” and I 
shared the political stage in a small town. 
Recently, Bill, a decade 
my senior, died. 
Although 25 years had passed since I 
last saw Bill, I still viewed him in an unfavorable way. 
Now, belatedly, I consider the 
reality of our political rivalry and conclude, “You idiot, of 
course in politics people are going to oppose you. 
Especially those 
whose perch you threaten. 
You were very young (age 29) when you first 
took political office and, in your arrogance, did you really think 
your views on every subject were unassailable?” 
Of course I did. 
What were the things you didn’t 
like about Bill? 
His claim of unquestioned integrity? 
His “virtue 
signaling”? 
The seeming differences between his private life and 
his public proclamations? 
Yes, all of that. 
Have I ever done hypocritical 
things? 
Let me count the instances and describe the myriad ways. 
This 
could take some time. 
Now I understand that I was shaped 
and made a better office holder by knowing my reasoning would be 
challenged by Bill and others, forcing me to make better decisions. 
Today I am grateful. 
My first term in political office featured 
success, failure and many near misses. 
It would’ve been worse, but 
for the opposition that shaped my judgment. 
And what good has my stubborn 
refusal to move on done me or anyone else? 
Multiple peer-reviewed articles in 
scientific journals note that when a person perseverates about old 
hurts, the amygdala, the portion of the brain that deals with 
emotions, treats the ancient memory as if it was a current threat. 
Did I really need decades of that 
occasional, if fleeting, but always unpleasant, sense of existential 
stress? 
Thoughts of old hurts will shape our 
reality, until we reframe them. 
Finally, I understand — we see 
things, not *as they are*, but *as we are*. 
And when we 
deny our darker side, we undeservedly put ourselves on a pedestal, a 
place without hope for a growth that offers peace. 
I’m not saying that I was wrong in 
viewing Bill as a mortal enemy of my inadvertent political career — I 
was appointed to a job that I really didn’t want — but once I 
left that position, he was just a bad memory. 
“Bad” because we were both 
smart enough to make things better, but we never did. 
In *The Dictionary of Obscure 
Sorrows*, the invented words “*Nodus Tollens*” appear. 
(Aren’t all words invented?) 
The phrase is defined as the 
realization that one’s life story, the things we say to ourselves 
about ourselves, no longer makes sense. 
How absurd to think of 
ourselves on a hero’s journey, with everyone in opposition an enemy 
rather than as people who, regardless of intent, might serve to 
instill a sense of humility. 
And eventually, wisdom, which is a 
far better foundation for a peaceful life than a mind contaminated by 
hurtful memories from a time of foolish, fiery, youthful passions. 
Steven Pence retired from Michigan, where he served as an attorney with legal services, was an elected prosecutor and a county commissioner, seven years ago. 
He finished his legal career in private practice. 
He is married and lives in Ferndale with his wife, Teresa. 
He’s been a freelance writer, both in Michigan and California. 
Article reasoning-pattern comparisonThis article: 1.8%Steven Pence: 0.9%Lost Coast Outpost: 1.6%Confirmation Bias1.8%This article: 1.2%Steven Pence: 0.3%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.5%Anchoring Bias1.2%This article: 1.2%Steven Pence: 0.6%Lost Coast Outpost: 1.9%Availability Heuristic1.2%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.3%Representativeness Heuristic0.0%This article: 2.0%Steven Pence: 2.2%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.4%Hindsight Bias2.0%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 1.2%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.6%Overconfidence Bias0.0%This article: 1.8%Steven Pence: 0.5%Lost Coast Outpost: 2.5%Framing Effect1.8%This article: 0.1%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.4%Loss Aversion0.1%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.4%Status Quo Bias0.0%This article: 1.9%Steven Pence: 0.6%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.3%Sunk Cost Effect1.9%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 2.2%Optimism Bias0.0%This article: 1.9%Steven Pence: 0.5%Lost Coast Outpost: 1.1%Pessimism Bias1.9%This article: 9.4%Steven Pence: 3.5%Lost Coast Outpost: 4.3%Negativity Bias9.4%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.6%Lost Coast Outpost: 1.1%Self-Serving Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.4%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.4%Fundamental Attribution Error0.0%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.1%Actor-Observer Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.3%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.7%In-Group Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.3%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.1%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 2.3%Halo Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.1%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.1%Horn Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.5%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.0%Dunning-Kruger Effect0.0%This article: 0.9%Steven Pence: 0.2%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.6%Recency Bias0.9%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.3%Primacy Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.0%Blind-Spot Bias0.0%This article: 0.8%Steven Pence: 0.3%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.2%Ad Hominem0.8%This article: 1.2%Steven Pence: 0.3%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.0%Straw Man1.2%This article: 4.0%Steven Pence: 2.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 2.2%Appeal to Authority4.0%This article: 3.3%Steven Pence: 0.8%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.4%False Dilemma3.3%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.3%Slippery Slope0.0%This article: 0.4%Steven Pence: 0.1%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.0%Circular Reasoning0.4%This article: 2.0%Steven Pence: 1.2%Lost Coast Outpost: 1.3%Hasty Generalization2.0%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.1%Red Herring0.0%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.2%Bandwagon0.0%This article: 0.1%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 4.1%Appeal to Emotion0.1%This article: 1.8%Steven Pence: 0.5%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.3%Begging the Question1.8%This article: 1.7%Steven Pence: 0.4%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.9%Post Hoc (False Cause)1.7%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.0%Tu Quoque0.0%This article: 1.1%Steven Pence: 0.3%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.4%Burden of Proof1.1%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.1%Appeal to Nature0.0%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.1%Composition/Division0.0%This article: 0.6%Steven Pence: 0.2%Lost Coast Outpost: 1.7%Anecdotal0.6%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.1%No True Scotsman0.0%This article: 1.3%Steven Pence: 0.3%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.8%Ambiguity (Equivocation)1.3%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.0%Gambler’s Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.0%Middle Ground0.0%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.1%Personal Incredulity0.0%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.1%Special Pleading0.0%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.0%Genetic Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.2%Lost Coast Outpost: 1.1%Unattributed Quote0.0%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.6%Quote-first Misdirection0.0%This article: 1.2%Steven Pence: 0.6%Lost Coast Outpost: 4.0%Biased Writer Voice1.2%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 2.3%Indoctrination0.0%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.4%Politically Left Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 0.0%Politically Right Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Steven Pence: 0.0%Lost Coast Outpost: 1.1%Attempt to Sell a Product or S…0.0%

933 words analyzed.

Speakers

4speakers6.8%attributed speech870writer words
Selected voice

Rumi

15%flagged-word coverage
27 attributed words43% of attributed speech38% writer coverage
0%2.5%5.0%Biased Writer Voice-1.3 ptsWriter: 1.3%Rumi: 0.0%0.0%

Attribution is sentence-level. Pattern percentages are calculated only from words assigned to that voice.

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Analysis

Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.